
The Zanzibar Archipelago consists of four main islands of which, Zanzibar locally known as Unguja, and Pemba are the largest. Surrounding Unguja are a number of smaller islets, both inhabited and uninhabited. Located in the Indian Ocean on Swahili Coast, adjacent to mainland Tanzania, the island covers an area of approximately 985 km2 and is separated from the Tanzanian mainland by a channel some 56 km wide. Zanzibar was once known as the most important trading city in the whole of the Indian Ocean and the world’s largest producer of cloves. Today agriculture and fishing are the principal economic activity among a large percentage of the population, while major exports remain cloves, coconut products, and spices.
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